Multiple sclerosis (or MS) is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation and disability. To help manage MS, doctors prescribe medications called disease-modifying therapies that reduce inflammation and prevent symptom flares, known as relapses. Interferon-beta was the first of these medications, introduced more than 30 years ago, and it has helped countless people with MS live better lives.
While interferon-beta is generally considered safe, researchers wanted to understand what might happen when people take it for many years. This matters because similar medications have been associated with heart and blood vessel problems, as well as autoimmune conditions in other diseases. However, until now, we haven't had good information about these risks specifically in people with MS taking interferon-beta.
Large-scale study of health outcomes
In this large study, researchers affiliated with the Anne Rowling Clinic collaborated with colleagues at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, to examine pharmacy records and health outcomes for over 19,000 people with MS over more than 20 years. About one in six participants had taken interferon-beta, typically for around five years. The researchers specifically looked for cardiovascular diseases - including stroke, heart attack, and circulation problems - as well as new autoimmune conditions.
The findings showed that longer use of interferon-beta was associated with a modest increase in cardiovascular disease risk. However, the study found no increased risk of developing additional autoimmune diseases.
What does this mean for people with MS?
The benefits of interferon-beta remain important and well-established. However, this research suggests that people taking or who have previously taken this medication may benefit from closer monitoring of their heart health. Simple preventive measures - like regular blood pressure checks, cholesterol screening, and lifestyle counseling about diet, exercise, and smoking - could help reduce this small added risk. Patients and their doctors may want to discuss these findings when choosing treatments, particularly for those who already have cardiovascular concerns.
Video summary
Related links
Read the scientific publication (open access): Risk of cardiovascular and autoimmune disease in people with multiple sclerosis on long-term interferon-β therapy. Rioux et al, Brain Communications, fcaf363. DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf363
Prof Will Whiteley's profile (University of Edinburgh website)